Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) was established in 1964 following recommendations from the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, chaired by Shri K. Santhanam. The CVC was created to advise and guide Central Government agencies on vigilance matters. It is designed as the highest body for vigilance, operating independently from any executive authority. The CVC oversees vigilance activities under the Central Government and offers advice on planning, executing, reviewing, and reforming vigilance practices across various Central Government organizations.

The Parliament later enacted the Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 (CVC Act), granting statutory status to the CVC, making it an autonomous body that is accountable only to Parliament. The CVC submits its annual report directly to the President of India.

Members:

• Central Vigilance Commissioner – Chairperson.
  
• Up to two Vigilance Commissioners – Members.
  

Functions:

• The CVC addresses complaints related to corruption or misuse of office and recommends suitable actions.
  
• Various bodies such as the Central Government, Lokpal, and whistleblowers can approach the CVC with complaints.
  
• The CVC is not an investigative body. It delegates investigations to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) or Chief Vigilance Officers (CVOs) in government offices.
  
• It has the authority to inquire into offenses under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, committed by specific categories of public servants.
  

Service Conditions of the Chief Vigilance Commissioner:

• Appointment:
  The Central Vigilance Commissioner is appointed by the President of India based on recommendations from a three-member committee, which includes the Prime Minister, the Minister of Home Affairs, and the Leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha.
  
• Term:
  The CVC serves a term of 4 years.
  
• Removal:

The President can remove or suspend the Chief Vigilance Commissioner based on misbehavior, but only after the Supreme Court conducts an inquiry and recommends action.
The CVC can also be removed for proved misconduct or incapacity if found guilty after a Supreme Court inquiry.
The Chief Vigilance Commissioner may also resign by submitting a resignation letter to the President.