The Union Budget 2025-26, presented by the Union Finance Minister, aims to stimulate balanced growth across all regions and promote Viksit Bharat. According to estimates, the budget would be Rs 50,65,345 crore, which is 7.4% more than 2024–2025. Interest payments will make up 25% of spending and 37% of income. By March 2031, outstanding obligations […]
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) originates from the Spanish and Irish Constitutions, with its origins in Article 45 of the Irish Constitution. The Indian Constitution, containing DPSP, aims for socioeconomic justice and welfare state establishment. Directives based on Socialist Principles Directives based on Gandhian Principles Directives based on Liberal-Intellectual Principles Amendments in Directive […]
Fundamental rights are fundamental human rights guaranteed to all citizens in India, without discrimination based on race, religion, or gender. These rights are enforceable by courts, subject to certain conditions. They are called fundamental rights because they are enshrined in the Constitution and are justiciable, allowing individuals to seek legal recourse in case of a […]
“We, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION”. Sovereignty Socialist Secular Democratic Republic Political, social, and economic Liberty […]
Indian Constitution Overview: Integrated and Independent Judiciary: Fundamental Rights: Directive Principles of State Policy: Fundamental Duties: Secular State: Universal Adult Franchise: Single Citizenship: Independent Bodies:
M. N Roy introduced the concept of a constituent assembly for India in 1934. In 1935, the Indian National Congress (INC) made its first demand for a constituent assembly, which the British government agreed to in 1940. However, the Cabinet Mission rejected the idea of two assemblies and proposed a more satisfactory scheme. Constituent Assembly […]
Drought is a prolonged period of insufficient rainfall that leads to a shortage of water supplies. It can result in the failure of crops, loss of livestock, and widespread food shortages. Droughts are most severe when water sources run dry, energy generation from hydroelectric facilities falls, and the economy suffers from low agricultural output. The […]
Floods Flooding occurs when water levels along rivers or along the shore rise to such an extent that it submerges normally dry land. While flooding is a natural part of the hydrological cycle of drainage basins, it becomes a disaster when excessive rainfall leads to conditions where it results in loss of life, property, and […]
Dry farming is a type of farming done in areas where rainfall is very low and unreliable. It is commonly practiced in arid and semi-arid parts of India—especially in the western region. These areas receive less than 75 cm of rain per year, making them dry and difficult for normal farming. The dry farming zone […]
A cropping pattern means how different crops are grown and spread across an area during a particular time. It shows which crops are more important or popular in a region. Cropping patterns can change over time and vary from place to place. When farmers start growing different types of crops or change the way they […]